LU_CCT333_LABS_2011

__**January 3, 2011**__ Review the Tutorial 1 movies, and describe Jonathan Ives and his theory of 'undesign' in relation to his work at Macintosh. (200 words)
 * CCT311 Labs**
 * Tutorial #1 Wiki Question (2 marks):**

Jonathan Ives is an English designer working in the United States as the Senior Vice President of Industrial Design at Apple. He is known as the 'King of Design' and as Apple's savior. As a designer, he is constantly looking at the world, and trying to figure out why things are designed a certain way, as well as finding ways to improve them. Ives describes the importance of a design process using various attributes – such as material and form. He believes a product is best when it is kept simple, without any unnecessary features. Ives uses his theory of ‘undesign’ in relations to his work. He believes that a product should be produced around an effective design that would carry on a function. This shows a distinction between Apple and other companies due to its process of designing a product that would be effective to its functions. He applies his theories into designing products such as the iMac made in 1998. Due to his understanding of the audience, Ives and his team aimed to make the product simple and assessable. As a designer, he believes that there are always ways to improve products.

__**January 10, 2011**__ 1. Which product interests you the most, and why? (200 words) 2. Which category would interest you to research further for your group project, and why? (100 words)
 * Tutorial #2 Wiki Questions:**

1. The product that interests me the most is the bamboo treadle pump. It is a method for individuals to access water. Based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, water is one of the most essential needs to an individual. The product is simple to use and can be handled by individuals of all ages, allowing a division of work between age groups. It operates under the weight of the individual, which requires a limited amount of energy and man-power. Users of the product have complete control; therefore, can determine the amount of water needed. Since the product collects water from underground, the amount of water may seem unlimited. It is a product that allows the growing of crops in a farm, which in the long run, produces food. When farmers are in need of water, a simple product can solve the problem. Therefore, the income received from growing crops may increase due to the resources.

2. The category that I would like to further research is health because I believe it is one of the major problems people are facing in the world. The health of a person does not only affect individuals mentally and emotionally, but also, physically. Health is a category in which affects everyone. Having good health enables people to conduct activities, such as work and live. I believe health is important because it gives us the ability to wake up and look forward to the rest of the day. However, for those that may have poor health problems, it may affect the receiving of income or knowledge, in which, more problems may arise.

__**January 24, 2011**__ ** Tutorial #3 Wiki Questions: **

1. Describe Jan Chipchase's prior job (he now works at frog design []) in relation to his work at Nokia. What are the two names he is given in the article? (3 paragraphs) 2. “It’s really quite striking,” Hammond says. “What people are voting for with their pocketbooks, as soon as they have more money and even before their basic needs are met, is telecommunications.” (World Resources Institute) In the spirit of this quote, describe four instances of how owning a cellphone enables users to better their lives. (4 paragraphs/ one for each instance)

1. Jan Chipchase was previously employed at the Finnish phone company, Nokia as a human behaviour researcher, also referred to as a ‘user anthropologist’. His job is to accumulate knowledge on the lives of people, and collect relevant information through interaction. He would relate information back to his company in order to help them design, create and market to a set of audience that is less encountered by the company. In order to gather information, Chipchase travels around the world and interacts with various people in different sets of environment.

Through his adventures, he engaged himself in various interaction methods such as photography, interviews, and everyday conversations. He was able to understand people on their needs, wants, allowing the company to gain the information to create products that would benefit potential customers. Chipchase encountered many instances which involved the use of cell phones and how a phone can identify one from another.

Cell phones are one of the most used technologies. A cell phone represents a person’s fixed identity. A phone can represent what people aspire to, such as what is important to them and what their challenges are. It is a product that is becoming more and more beneficial to everyone. One of his missions is to find information that would design a product for those that do not own one, such as convenience and benefits.

2. Cell phones are one of the leading importances to communication. The use of a cell phone allows people to interact more, whether it is to talk to someone about their day, or giving directions on how to get somewhere, people are able to instantly dial and reach the other line. Cell phones provide a worldwide communication network, allowing people to call to another line anywhere. In comparison to fixed phone lines, such as phones at home or payphones, a cell phone allows efficiency and instant delivery. Cell phones also allow efficient productivity. This allows the ‘just in time’ factors. The Just in Time factor is a production that occurs when needed, which eliminates a stock up of products. However, this also occurs with time. For example, when Corbette planned on meeting up with Chipchase, a specific time or place was not implied, but a call when in the city, which was efficient. Also, trying to figure out directions through the cell phone allows instant messaging and correlation. The use of a phone helps create a fixed identity. The uses of cell phones are increasing every year. Phones have been representing who people are by the seeing what is important to them and what their challenges are. Some people contain maps, cameras, games, etc… on their phone that helps represent who they are. Lastly, cell phones can be a life saver. Cell phones allow jobs to be received and task to be set. For example, the instance with delivery of product and receiving the money in the future causes possibility of not receiving the things that should be earned. With the use of a cell phone, people are easily contacted, which, in the case of the example, could call and set a date and time to receive the payments. The cell phone also helps people gain job opportunities. People are able to call, allowing business to build.

Write six paragraphs, one on each stage of the 'materials economy', and define its interactions. (6 paragraphs/one stage each paragraph) Material economy is the process stages of: Extraction, production, distribution, consumption and disposal of products. The process represents the real world and how products are being created and destroyed constantly.
 * Materials Economy: **

** Extraction: ** The process of material economy begins with extraction. Extraction is another word for natural resource exploitation, also known as, destroying the planet. It is when we exploit natural resources from other countries because we have used up our own and more than our share. Through the limitation of natural resource, the solution that was chosen was to take it from others, specifically, from the third world countries. Since those that live in the third world countries do not possess or consume as much as the developed countries, so they do not have a say in where their resources go. In the process of material economy: if you do not buy stuff, you don’t have value.

** Production: **
 * The second state of material economy is production. Production is where the extraction of the natural resources is mixed with toxic chemicals, resulting in toxic contaminated products. The process involves process going in, and leaving. As we are constantly putting toxic into our products, we till always receive it back. However, we are constantly pushing our production line externally, causing waste and toxic to spread. **

** Distribution: **
 * The third stage of material economy is distribution. Distribution is after production, in which this stage spreads products to consumers. The main idea is to spread products in a cheap and affordable price in order to keep the cycle and inventory going. The cost is cheap and affordable due to externalizing the cost. The cost is lower due to the exportation of jobs to people that are paid less, loss natural resource area and are sacrificing their lives to be in constant contact of toxic material. The products that are sold for cheap are paid for through the lives people. **

** Consumption: **
 * The next step is consumption. Consumption is the central part of the system and the reason why the process of material economy exists. The economy has become constant consumers, in which allows the system to constantly work. Consumption occurs due to two reasons: planned obsolescence and perceived obsolescence. Planned obsolescence is designing a product that is will be ineffectual and last for a short period of time; therefore, it would be required to purchase a new one. For example, DVD players, computers and more are planned obsolescence. On the other hand, perceived obsolescence is when a product is designed to constantly change through styles and features. It is due to superficial thinking and subliminal messages. For example, Apple features various versions of ipods. There is a constantly newer version of the ipod, if a features that differentiates itself from the rest, which causes it to be a ‘must have’ product. Perceived obsolescence is when the economy convinces people to throw about products that are perfectly steady. Advertisements and media play a large roll in ‘brainwashing’ potential consumers. **

** Disposal: **
 * The last stage of the material economy is disposal. Disposal is what results in perceived obsolescence and planned obsolescence. It is what goes when eliminating the product. This is what causes the environmental problems in our society. Products and materials are being thrown into holes or burned, causing pollution. However, due to the limited amount of space, disposals are also sent out externally over to different places. There is no one in completely eliminating disposals; however, there are suggestive ways such as recycling. **

__**February 7, 2011**__ ** Tutorial #5 Wiki Questions: ** As part of 'Experience Prototyping', bodystorming has been developed as a method of enquiry for interactive design. Research the definition of 'bodystorming', and write three paragraphs describing its characteristics.(3 paragraphs) With a partner, develop a use-case theater scenario and describe how you would use bodystorming and video to help you analyze the design of an artifact. This artifact is a medicine bottle for a woman who is 80 years old, arthritic, partially blind and partially deaf, and the system to design is the system whereby she finds and takes her medicine. It is helpful to keep this method in mind as you work to design your group project. On this section of the tutorial, include both names for marking. Use a pen and paper to develop your use-case theater scenario as a mind map. You can scan and upload this diagram to your wikispace tutorial page as part of your answer, if you would like. (25 minutes, 2 names, 4 paragraphs, one diagram)

Bodystorming is a technique that allows people to let their ideas become uncovered around an area of interest. It is a process of generating ideas - It allows people to think and express themselves freely – and incorporating designs in areas it would be used. Bodystorming has been used in three ways: working in the natural setting, strong prototyping and use-case theatre. First of all, in order to think of an idea for a product, it is best to observe and become familiar with the area in which the product will be used. When being in the environment, designers are able to discover ideas that would be beneficial and also, observe possible situations that may occur in the design. Next, “Strong prototyping” is when designing a product or service where it would be used or integrated. In designing a product or service based on a real-life setting, designers are able to see and work around the boundaries. Lastly, use-case theatre allows the product to interact in a real-life setting. It gives a third person perspective in how the product interacts with people and its setting under various situations. This will allow designers to see the positive and negative aspects of the product or service. In allowing bodystorming as a process in design, people are able to incorporate ideas that may be beneficial. It allows designers to know the boundaries and how to design around it. Physically, it takes advantage of the space provided to view how and where the product and service may be incorporated into a real-life situation.

After brainstorming a few ideas, we decided on this design. __FINAL DESIGN__ - Designed for one type of medicine - Made out of plastic so it could be easily transported - Environmentally friendly as the jar is pill refillable, opening at the ‘PUSH’ button - Made the bottle transparent to allow people to determine how much is left - Created a plastic tube for easily ejection of pill to the hand - Designed to be place at table level in stores, and best placed at table level at home for easy access - A handle is incorporated into the design to be easily carried around - Added a remote to easily click to determine where machine is - Red 'PUSH' button to easily determine where to click By: Vania Ho & Yvonne Lu

__**February 14, 2011**__ ** Tutorial #6 Wiki Questions: ** write a short, one paragraph synopsis for each of your three favourite product designs. Describe why you like the design in your responses.

__Avian Elements __ A design that has caught my attention is the ‘Avian Elements’. The Avian Elements is a fast train that runs quietly at high speeds. The designer used the owls, being one of the quietest birds as a reference in designing the train. By implementing a design element similar to the bird’s feathers, the Avian Element was able to be created with reductions of noise. Also, to be able to create a noise reduced train, the designers used the beak of Kingfishers as a guide. The kingfishers are birds that are able to dive into water with limited resistance, in using this element; therefore, by implementing the kingfishers’ beak to the train, the train is able to move at high speeds while reducing the feedback of sonic booms. I enjoy this design because it contains elements of different living creatures into one design. It is a design that thinks about the well-being of people, especially for those with disabilities such as **hyperacusis. The design helps people to do everyday things, without the distraction of a train passing by. ** 

__**Stanch the Bleeding **__ Another design that has caught my interest is the ‘Stanch the Bleeding’ design. The design of ‘Stanch the Bleeding’ uses platelets, an element in the bloodstream that patrols the veins. Platelets are sticky bodies that are present in the blood when wounds occur; this allows their sticky substance to clot, in order to stop the bleeding. The design of Platelet is used in Stanch and bleeding as a solution to seal cracks and leaks. The platelet, in this case, sticks against the crack and leaks of pipes, preventing the resources to flow through the open surfaces. This design is well created because it is a finding that is constantly with us, yet, we don’t realize it. The design helps save resources from going to waste and prevents the destruction of well used products, and also, prevents the harm to the world (from the leaks). 

__Sticking, Naturally__ The design ‘Sticking, Naturally’ is inspired by the composition of mussels and how they stick onto surfaces in water. As a way to improve the stickiness of glue, especially for the sticking of heavy duty products, designers took on the elements of mussels. This design is used well for products that will not stick together for a long time. There are many instances where I need to glue something together, but it would fall apart quickly. By bringing up this design, products can stay intact and less harms maybe occur due to the lessening of ‘falling apart’ products. 

__**February 28, 2011**__ ** Tutorial #7 Wiki Questions: ** 1. Describe how he defines 'design as a collaborative process', and cite two examples of how creators involve the people they want to create for in their work, according to Bill Moggridge's lecture. (1 paragraph each/3 paragraphs) 2. Find an online example of a product which utilizes his principles of collaborative design which it involves people in it design. Cite its URL, and describe its design process in two paragraphs, and how it involved its user(s) in a a paragraph. (3 paragraphs)

1. In Bill Moggridge’s lecture, he explains how design is a collaborative process. He thoroughly explains the changing of our design practices, our interaction with those in the design firm and the changing of design content. He believes designers have to understand people and the connectivity, rather than only concerning the geometric shape and size of the product; therefore, physical attributes are not always number one in a design, but also how people will be able to connect and relate with the potential product. In order to design a product, people should be working together. With the collaboration of different people, various ideas and opinions are able to be let out and discussed. Better yet, by integrating the target audience into discussing and giving their opinions to a potential product, the product would become more affective, due to the suggestions of potential users. One of the two ways to involve people in designing a product is through participatory design. The participatory design is where designers involve potential users of the design to give suggestions and ideas in how a product would be best created. This way is very effective as it is a way to integrate the ideas of potential users into a design. Moggridge states an example where a team involves a surgeon into the design team, as it is more effective, as they know what they are willing use. Secondly, in order to involve people to designing a product, a research process is used to make a difference in the end results. This process allows the connectivity and bond between people and the design. For example, the American Red Cross uses two design methods in involving users. One, they allow the donators to note their experience and supportive comments for others to see. Secondly, the design of the blood trunk is designed in a way that takes away the intimidation of the giving blood.

2. http://www.deviantart.com/

Deviantart is a platform that involves users to comment, purchase and upload art and designs. The arts vary from photography, to web design to animated films. It is a place where people are able to express themselves and involve themselves in a community. Also, it allows users to expose their interest and work to people that have the same interest. This website involves people in the design through allow users to have control. The site is user-generated. Users are able to upload and create a platform that relates to them; therefore, users are what drive the site to continue to grow. In having control, users are able to involve their ideas, which would benefit themselves and the site. Another involvement of people is through the various categories of the site. The site contains categories such as print shop, focus, media, location, type, watchers and formed. These categories allow users to browse and upload based on what they are currently interested in and where to begin searching. Basically, it is a community in order to expand and generate interest, as well as receive feedback. It is a website that allows users to gain something from it, whether it is feedback from someone looking at your art or receiving different techniques to capture a specific style.

Tutorial 8 - March 7, 2011

1. Describe how Natalie Jeremijenko has based her research on "new technologies are an opportunity for social transformation" to perform "small actions that can amount to a significant effect to improve local environmental health".

2. Choose two projects on HowStuffisMade at [] and write about how they are made.

3. Why is it important that we understand how stuff is made as part of our systems analysis and design process? (1 paragraph)

Natalie Jeremijenko is the director of the environmental health clinic at NYU. The clinic is not based on medical health, but environmental health concerns. Her research on “new technologies are an opportunity for an opportunity for social transformation” is based on finding ways to improve the environment. The small components we do to help the environment can make a big difference; new technologies can create a “shock value”, causing “social transformation”. An example of her research is ‘walking a tadpole’. By walking a tadpole, people are able to observe water pollution and how it affects the environment. This brings attention to people to be aware of the problems that may be occurring.

Fortune Cookie Fortune cookies differ from the Western perspective of cookies through the folds. Fortune cookies use machines to squirt batter onto griddle in a rotating wheel. The wheel then rotates and flattens the cookie, which are then sent to the oven to be baked. Once baked, a machine arm grabs hold of a fortune, while the other machine arm grabs the cookie from the wheel, which is then machine folded. Once cooled and hardened, someone would inspect each cookie, making sure the fortune is placed properly into the cookie, otherwise, someone would push the fortune back into the cookie. When inspection is complete, the fortune cookies are placed on a on a conveyor belt, wrapped and dropped into a cardboard box.

Gelato The first step of making gelato is to compile the ingredients needed for specific flavor gelatos. Gelatos are different from ice cream is the freshness of the preparation of ingredients. The workers are to prepare the ingredients for the flavor of gelato is washed, cut, along with all the necessary needs, while another worker would stir a pot of melting chocolate. When stirred, the dairy base is poured into a batch freezer along with the flavour ingredients. After the 15-20 minutes, the dairy base and flavor ingredients are combined and emerge from the freezer to be creamy and smooth. A worker would put the gelato into a container and a label is written to indicate what flavour of gelato it contains. The containers are then placed in the basement to cool.

It is important to understand how a product is made because it allows us to indicate what the product we are designing is, the meaning of the product and why we did it. It gives us an insight on what we can improve on based on the process it goes through. By understanding the process, it allows us to find better ways, such as efficiency to make products that can benefit the audience and ourselves.

Tutorial 9 - March 14 Questions 1. According to the slideshow by Sylvain Cottong, who is an employee at [|http://www.integratedplace.com], describe the tools and methods of 'service design' (2 paragraphs). 2. From your personal experience, what would be a scenario in which these methods would be useful? (2 paragraphs)

1. Service designs are designs that produce an overall great experience for everyone. A good service design find ways to make an experience useful, usable and desirable for users, while it benefits through efficiency, effectiveness and value. Service designs focus on customer experience through the interaction between the customer and the quality of the service. Some service designs are integrated through advertising, mobile phones, hospitals and much more. The tools and methods that are used in order to calculate customer experience is through ‘ethnography, user studies and personas’, ‘customer journey maps’, ‘Service blueprinting’, ‘ideation, context, mapping and participatory design’ and ‘service prototyping’. Ethnography, user studies and personas is the involvement of studying and understanding the context of the service and the users. Customer journey map help reveals a users’ experience of the service over time. Service blueprinting is the visual of the deliverables in a service system. It breaks down the components of the system with tasks, quantitative information, time and steps to perform. Service blueprinting involves a front stage and back stage to the actions. The front stage of service blueprinting is the action sequences implied during the place and time of customer interaction, while back stage blueprinting are action sequences that are used for internally when users are unable to view the service, but are required to deliver service. Ideation, context, mapping and participatory design helps visualize and reveal users’ experience, thoughts, feelings and conscious through studies. Service prototyping are possible scenarios that may be possible occurrences.

2. Service designs are important on a daily basis when facing people in the work field. As my personal experience, as a customer service representative at a gym, I am required to benefit both the members and the business. Service design methods allow us to give the most beneficial service. In order to gain the acceptance of members, interaction is essential in order to understand what the members want, need and to find ways to give them an overall a total customer service. At the gym, we use many methods to benefit the members and the business. First of all, it is important to know the customers and the service you are delivering to the customers. For example, if you know the customer requires more strength training, you would not tell them to only do cardio workouts, but to also use weights or show them classes that are beneficial for their target goal. Service blueprinting is beneficial when it comes to personal training to know when, where, and how to reach their goals. Also, service designs allow us to understand where and how we can help them towards a solution. As a customer service representative, there are common occurrences. With service prototyping, I must figure out possible situations that may occur and find ways to solve them.